Difference between CPU and GPU

 

Aspect	CPU (Central Processing Unit)	GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)
Definition	The CPU is the primary processing unit of a computer responsible for carrying out general-purpose tasks like running the operating system, applications, and complex logic.	The GPU is a specialized processor designed to accelerate rendering of images, videos, and handle parallel data processing tasks efficiently.
Purpose	Designed for versatility and sequential processing. Ideal for executing a wide variety of tasks with high flexibility.	Optimized for parallel processing. Best for performing repetitive and large-scale mathematical computations simultaneously.
Architecture	Has fewer cores (typically 4–16 in consumer PCs) with higher clock speed and complex instruction sets for handling diverse operations.	Consists of thousands of smaller, simpler cores that can handle multiple operations at once but are less flexible individually.
Task Handling	Great at single-threaded or lightly parallelized tasks, such as running system commands, applications, and user input handling.	Excellent for massively parallel tasks, such as image rendering, matrix multiplication, AI training, and cryptocurrency mining.
Speed	Higher speed per core, optimized for low-latency task switching.	Higher throughput for specific workloads, but lower per-core clock speed.
Data Handling	Handles a small number of complex operations.	Handles a large number of simple operations simultaneously.
Usage in Real World	Used for daily computing like browsing, word processing, gaming logic, OS control.	Used in 3D graphics rendering, video editing, deep learning, scientific simulations.
Flexibility	Highly flexible and adaptable to different software types and instructions.	Purpose-built for compute-heavy, parallel workloads. Less versatile for general-purpose computing.
Power Consumption	Typically consumes less power per core, but overall depends on usage.	Consumes more power, especially under load, due to the number of cores and intensive tasks.
Example Tasks	Running an operating system, spreadsheet calculations, launching applications.	Training AI models, 3D modeling, gaming graphics, real-time video processing.
Cost	Generally cheaper than high-end GPUs; required in every system.	Can be expensive depending on processing power (especially in gaming or server-grade cards).
Role in AI	Controls the system and coordinates between CPU-GPU interactions in AI workflows.	Handles intensive matrix operations used in training deep learning and neural networks.
Compatibility	Essential and required in all computing devices.	Optional but highly beneficial for performance in specific workloads (gaming, AI, etc.).
Thermal Output	Generates moderate heat; easier to cool.	Generates substantial heat under load; requires robust cooling systems.