Difference Between MAC and IP address

Parameter	MAC Address	IP Address
Acronym for	media access control address	Internet Protocol Address
Used for	It is a unique identifier that is assigned to network interfaces for communicating on the physical network segments.	It is a numerical value that is assigned to all the participating devices in a network. i.e. Servers, Computers, Printers, WAP, Laptops etc.
Provided BY	It is generally provided by the manufacturer of the NIC cards and is stored in its hardware.	It is provided by the ISP (Internet Service Provider) or by the Network Administrator.
Length	It is 48 bit address which contains 6 groups of 2 hexadecimal digits, separated by either hyphens (-) or colons (:) E.g. 00:FF:FF:AB:BB:AA Or 00-FF-FF-AB-BB-AA	IPv4 uses 32 bit address in dotted notations, whereas IPv6 Uses 128 bit address in hexadecimal notations. e.g. IPv4      192.168.1.1 IPv6    FFFE:F200:3204:0B00: 0122:4555:8001:AB00

Difference Between Synchronous TDM and Statistical TDM

Parameter	Synchronous TDM	Statistical TDM
Working	In Synchronous TDM data flow of each input connection is divided into units and each input occupies one output time slot.	In Statistical TDM slots are allotted dynamically. i.e. input line is given slots in output frame if and only if it has data to send.
No. of Slots	In Synchronous TDM no. of slots in each frame are equal to no. of input lines.	In Statistical TDM, No. of slots in each frame are less than the no. of input lines.
Buffers	Buffering is not done, frame is sent after a particular interval of time whether someone has data to send or not.	Buffering is done and only those inputs are given slots in output frame whose buffer contains data to send.
Addressing	Slots in Synchronous TDM carry data only and there is no need of addressing. Synchronization and pre assigned relationships between input and outputs that serve as an address.	Slots in Statistical TDM contain both data and address of the destination.

Difference Between CDMA and GSM

Parameter	CDMA	GSM
Acronym for	Code Division Multiple Access and also known as IS-95 or CDMAone.	Global System for Mobile Communication.
Technology Used	This Technology is based on spread spectrum technology and does not require dividing the channel by time. It also allows several users to share same frequency in a given band or space. Users are isolated by bipolar sequences and can share same frequency.	In this technology Carrier is divided into number of time slots. These different time slots are assigned to each user and until ongoing call is not finished, no other user can access this assigned slot.
Concurrent User Access	Same frequency is used by several users on the same time and can accommodate more users per MHz of bandwidth than any other technology.	Each user uses separate time slot that can be used by one user at a time.
Network Portability	No such feature is available and hence international roaming is a Problem and very limited support is available.	The availability of Subscriber Identity Modules (SIM) allows users to switch networks.

Difference Between TDMA and FDMA

Parameter	TDMA	FDMA
Acronym for	Time Division Multiple Access	Frequency Division Multiple Access
Technology	In TDMA radio spectrum is divided into time slots and in each slot only one user is allowed to either send or receive.	In FDMA individual channels are assigned to individual users. Each user is allocated a unique frequency or band.
Bandwidth Sharing	In TDMA single frequency is shared by several users.	Frequency sharing is not allowed. If FDMA channel is not in use, it can’t be utilized by other user to increase or share capacity.
Transmission Scheme	Data transmission for users in TDMA is not continuous and uses buffer-and-burst method.	FDMA is a continuous transmission scheme and after the assignment of channel, base station and mobile transmit simultaneously and continuously.

Difference Between Single Mode and Multi Mode Fiber

Parameter	Single Mode Fiber	Multi-Mode Fiber
Core Size	It has very small sized core and allows only one mode of light to propagate.	It has large Sized core and allows multiple mode of light to propagate.
Sources	1310+ nm lasers 1 and 10 Gb/s 1 Gb/s + w/ DWDM High precision packaging	850 nm and 1310 nm LEDs 850 nm lasers at 1 & 10 Gb/s Low precision packaging
Distance Support	This Cable is used to transmit data to long distances. Because as the light passes through the core, the number of light reflections created decreases which decreases attenuation and creates the ability for the signal to travel faster forward. Up to 60 KMs +	This cable is used to transmit data to short distances. Because as the number of lights passes through the core, high dispersion and attenuation reduces the quality of the signal. Up to 2 KMs

Difference Between Synchronous and Asynchronous Transmission

Sr. No.	Synchronous Transmission	Asynchronous Transmission
1	Synchronous data transmission is a data transfer method in which a continuous stream of data signals is accompanied by timing signals (generated by an electronic clock) to ensure that the transmitter and the receiver are in step (synchronized) with one another. The data is sent in blocks (called frames or packets) spaced by fixed time intervals.	In contrast, asynchronous transmission works in spurts and must insert a start bit before each data character and a stop bit at its termination to inform the receiver where it begins and ends. The term asynchronous is used to describe the process where transmitted data is encoded with start and stop bits, specifying the beginning and end of each character.
2	It uses start and stop frames.	It uses start and stop bits.
3	Synchronous Transmission sends packets of characters at a time. Each packet is preceded by a Start Frame. This Start Frame is used to tell the receiving station that a new packet of characters is arriving, and it   synchronizes the receiving station’s internal clock. The packets also have End Frames to indicate the end of the packet.	Asynchronous Transmission sends only 1 character at a time. A character can be a letter of the alphabet, a  number or a control character. Preceding each character is a Start bit and ending each character is 1 or more Stop bits.